Who primarily needs to pay estimated taxes according to tax laws?

Self-employed individuals and certain taxpayers are primarily required to pay estimated taxes because they typically do not have tax withheld from their income throughout the year. This group includes freelancers, independent contractors, and business owners whose income is not subject to payroll withholding like employees in traditional jobs.

Additionally, individuals who expect to owe at least a certain amount of tax after their deductions, and whose tax liability is not fully covered by withholding from wages or other income, are also required to make estimated tax payments. This ensures that taxpayers contribute to their tax liabilities throughout the year rather than waiting until the annual tax return is filed.

By contrast, corporations are subject to different tax requirements and calculations, while high-income individuals may have withholding that covers their liabilities, making them less likely to need estimated payments unless they meet specific criteria. Employees receiving bonuses are typically subject to withholding at the time the bonus is paid, which also reduces the need for them to make estimated tax payments directly. Thus, the focus on self-employed individuals and certain other taxpayers reflects the need for an ongoing tax contribution from those whose income is not subject to regular withholding.